Nazarin Lokacin Amsar Direbobi zuwa Fasahohin Fitilun Birki Daban-daban

Tsarin Abubuwan Cikin Takarda

• 1. Gabatarwa & Bayyani
• 2. Kayan Aiki da Hanyoyi
  • 2.1. Tsarin Gwaji
  • 2.2. Tsarin Auna
• 3. Sakamako da Bincike
  • 3.1. Kwatanta Lokacin Amsa
  • 3.2. Tasirin Fitilun Gefen Baya
• 4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha
  • 4.1. Tsarin Lokacin Amsa
• 5. Tsarin Bincike & Nazarin Lamari
• 6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba & Hanyoyi
• 7. Nassoshi

1. Gabatarwa & Bayyani

Wannan takarda tana bincika wani muhimmin al'amari na tsaron mota wanda sau da yawa ake yin watsi da shi: tasirin fasahar fitilun birki akan lokacin amsar direba. Yayin da motoci ke ci gaba da sabbin kayan aiki da tsarin haske kamar LED, fahimtar tasirinsu akan halayen direbobin da ke biye da su yana da muhimmanci. Babban hasashe shi ne cewa tushen haske (incandescent da LED) da yanayin kunna fitilun gefen baya suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan lokacin da direba zai gane birkin motar da ke gaba kuma ya fara amsarsa ta birki. Wannan binciken yana magance kai tsaye dalilin yawancin hatsarori: rashin kiyaye nisa mai tsaro saboda jinkirin amsa.

2. Kayan Aiki da Hanyoyi

Binciken ya auna lokacin amsar direba, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman tazarar tsakanin hasken fitilun birkin motar da ke gaba da danna birkin direban da ke biye. Kimantawa ta mayar da hankali kan sauyin lokaci tsakanin waɗannan siginonin biyu.

2.1. Tsarin Gwaji

An gudanar da aunin gwaji tare da mahalarta biyar. Motar da ke gaba tana da tsarin fitilun birki guda biyu masu musanya: na gargajiya na kwan fitila na incandescent da na zamani na tushen hasken LED. An yi rikodin aikin birkin direban a cikin motar da ke biye don ɗaukar lokacin amsa.

2.2. Tsarin Auna

An ɗauki ma'auni a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai sarrafawa don ware masu canji da ake so: nau'in tushen haske da yanayin kunna (kunna/kashe) fitilun gefen baya (fitilun wutsiya) akan motar da ke gaba. Wannan ya ba da damar yin kwatancen lokutan amsa a cikin yanayi huɗu daban-daban.

3. Sakamako da Bincike

Bayanan da aka yi rikodin sun tabbatar da cewa lokacin amsar direba yana shafar da dalilai da yawa, tare da tushen haske da ƙarfin fitilun birki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.

3.1. Kwatanta Lokacin Amsa

Binciken ya gano cewa fitilun birki na LED, saboda saurin tashinsu (haske nan take daidai da lokacin dumama filament) da yuwuwar ƙarfin da ake gani, sun ba da gudummawar gajeriyar lokacin amsar direba idan aka kwatanta da kwan fitila na gargajiya na incandescent. Wannan ya yi daidai da binciken asali na dalilan ɗan adam akan gano abin motsa rai na gani.

3.2. Tasirin Fitilun Gefen Baya

Wani muhimmin bincike wanda bai dace da tunani ba shi ne cewa kunna fitilun gefen baya (fitilun wutsiya) na motar da ke gaba ya ƙara lokacin amsar direban da ke biye. Lokacin da fitilun gefen baya suka kunna, bambanci tsakanin fitilun birki da haskensa da bangonsa ya ragu, wanda ya sa siginar birkin ya zama ƙasa da haske don haka ya jinkirta fahimta. Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin rabon sigina zuwa amo a cikin ƙirar hasken mota.

4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha

Jimillar lokacin amsar direba ($RT_{total}$) ana iya ƙirƙira shi azaman jimillar abubuwan fahimta da na motsa jiki:

$RT_{total} = t_{perception} + t_{processing} + t_{motor}$

Inda:

• $t_{perception}$: Lokacin da abin motsa rai na haske zai gano shi ta hanyar retina (yanayin ƙarfin haske, lokacin tashi, da bambanci suna shafar shi).
• $t_{processing}$: Lokacin fahimi don gane abin motsa rai a matsayin "lamarin birki" da yanke shawarar yin aiki.
• $t_{motor}$: Lokacin motsa ƙafa daga matsi zuwa birki.

Wannan binciken da farko yana shiga tsakani a matakin $t_{perception}$ ta hanyar canza halayen zahiri na abin motsa rai na fitilun birki.

4.1. Tsarin Lokacin Amsa

Lokacin amsar gani, wani ɓangare na $t_{perception}$, yana tsakanin 0 zuwa 0.7 daƙiƙa kuma ya dogara da karkatarwar kusurwar abin motsa rai daga layin gani kai tsaye na direba. Lokacin amsar tunani ($t_{processing}$) yana canzawa kuma ya dogara da rikitarwar yanayi da yanayin direba.

5. Tsarin Bincike & Nazarin Lamari

Muhimmin Fahimta: Wannan binciken ya fallasa wani babban rikici a cikin ƙirar mota: neman kyawawan haske, mai kunna koyaushe don kyan gani yana cin karo kai tsaye da buƙatar ilimin halittar jiki don babban bambanci, fitattun siginoni don tsaro. Ba kawai game da a gan shi ba ne; game da fahimta nan take ne.

Tsarin Ma'ana: Takardar ta gano matsala daidai (haduwar baya) kuma ta ware wani ma'auni mai yuwuwa, mai aunawa (fasahar fitilun birki). Hanyar, ko da yake ta iyakance ta ƙaramin girman samfurin (n=5), tana da inganci don tabbatar da ra'ayi. Matakin gwaji tare da fitilun gefen baya kunna/kashe shine babban nasarar binciken, yana bayyana wani muhimmin aibi na ƙira da yawancin masana'antun ke yin watsi da shi.

Ƙarfi & Aibobi: Ƙarfin yana cikin tsarinsa na aiki, na dalilan ɗan adam—yana auna abin da direbobi ke yi a zahiri, ba kawai ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga na hoto ba. Babban aibi shi ne ƙaramin samfurin, wanda ya sa sakamakon ya zama mai ba da shawara maimakon tabbatacce. Yana kira don babban bincike mai girma, bisa na kwaikwayo, watakila ta amfani da bin diddigin ido don danganta lokacin amsa da tsarin kallo, kama da hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin bincike na ci-gaba na mu'amala tsakanin mutum da na'ura (HMI) da cibiyoyi kamar MIT AgeLab suka ambata.

Fahimta Mai Aiki: Ga masu tsara dokoki: Yi la'akari da tilasta mafi ƙarancin rabon bambanci don fitilun birki a kan tarin fitilun wutsiya masu haske. Ga OEMs: Wannan umarni ne kai tsaye don ƙaura daga gwaje-gwajen ƙididdiga na hoto masu tsayi. Gwajin sa hannun ɗan adam na tsarin haske, mai motsi, ba shi da sasantawa. Aiwatar da hasken baya mai daidaitawa inda ƙarfin fitilun birki ko tsarin ya canza dangane da hasken muhalli da matsayin fitilun wutsiya don kiyaye mafi kyawun fitacciyar alama. Aikin masu bincike kamar Ishigami et al. akan tsarin "maras haske" mai ƙarfi yana nuna iyawar masana'antu don haske mai sanin yanayi; dole ne a yi amfani da wannan ma'ana ga baya.

6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba & Hanyoyi

Sakamakon ya buɗe hanyar don ci gaba da ci gaba da yawa:

• Fitilun Birki Masu Daidaitawa: Tsarin da ke daidaita ƙarfi ko tsarin kunna fitilun birki ta atomatik dangane da ko fitilun wutsiya suna kunna, yanayin hasken muhalli, ko nisa mai biye.
• Ma'auni na Ƙwararrun Fitacciyar Alama: Ƙaura daga ƙarfin haske (candelas) don haɓaka ma'auni na ƙwararru don "fitacciyar alama ta fahimta" ko "ingancin jan hankali" na fitilun tsaro.
• Haɗawa tare da ADAS: Haɗa sadarwar mota zuwa mota (V2V) tare da ingantaccen haske. Misali, ADAS na motar da ke biye na iya karɓar siginar birki na lantarki mili daƙiƙa kafin fitilu su haskaka, amma dole ne a inganta fitilun da kansu don yanayin koma baya na ɗan adam.
• Bincike akan Sabbin Fasahohi: Nazarin tasirin sabbin fasahohi kamar fitilun wutsiya na OLED (waɗanda zasu iya samar da siffofi masu rikitarwa) ko fitilu na laser akan fahimtar direba da amsa.

7. Nassoshi

1. Jilek, P., Vrábel, L. (2020). Canjin lokacin amsar direba dangane da tushen haske da fasahar fitilun birki da aka yi amfani da su. Mujallar Kimiyya ta Jami'ar Fasaha ta Silesian. Jerin Sufuri, 109, 45-53.
2. Ishigami, T., et al. (2015). Haɓaka Tsarin Babban Hasken Maras Haske Ta Amfani da Tsarin LED. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Tsarin Lantarki da Lantarki, 8(2).
3. Hukumar Kula da Tsaron Hanyoyi ta Ƙasa (NHTSA). (2019). Gaskiyar Tsaron Hanyoyi 2018.
4. MIT AgeLab. (b.t.). Binciken Halayen Direba da Dalilan Dan Adam. An samo daga agelab.mit.edu
5. Green, M. (2000). "Har Yaushe Ake Tsayawa?" Nazarin Hanyoyin Fahimtar Direba-Lokutan Birki. Dalilan Sufuri na Dan Adam, 2(3), 195-216.