Matsayin Fitilun Babur na Rana (DRLs) wajen Rage Hadurori: Nazarin Adabi

1. Gabatarwa & Bayanan Baya

Babura suna wakiltar babban yanki na motocin duniya, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa, suna ba da hanya mai araha da sassauci na sufuri. Duk da haka, wannan amfani yana zuwa da tsada sosai dangane da aminci. Masu amfani da babura suna da matukar yawa a cikin kididdigar raunuka da mace-mace na zirga-zirgar hanya. Wannan nazarin ya haɗa adabi da ke akwai kan wani takamaiman, ƙaramin sa-hannun fasaha da aka yi niyya don rage wannan haɗarin: amfani da Fitilun Aiki na Rana (DRLs) don haɓaka ganuwar babur da hana karo.

2. Matsalar Ganuwar Babur

Babban ƙalubalen aminci ga masu amfani da babura shine ƙarancin ganuwarsu—ƙarfin da sauran masu amfani da hanya suka gani suka gane su da wuri don guje wa karo. Siririyar siffarsu, fitilar gaba guda ɗaya (yawanci), da rashin girma sun sa su zama masu sauƙin ɓoyewa a cikin mahalli mai sarƙaƙƙiya na gani, kamar mahadar hanya mai cunkoso ko a kan bayanan da suka cunkushe.

2.1. Kididdigar Hadurori & Rashin Kariya

Haɗarin Mutuwa

Sau 10 Mafi Girma

Idan aka kwatanta da fasinjojin mota a kowace mil.

Kididdigar Amurka (NHTSA)

13%

Na mace-macen zirga-zirga sun haɗa da masu amfani da babura (2008), duk da cewa sun kai kusan 3% na motocin da aka yi rajista.

Mahallin Duniya

>50%

Na mutuwar hanya a wasu ƙasashen ASEAN (misali, Malaysia) masu amfani da babura ne.

Babban yanki na hadurorin babura da motoci da yawa, musamman waɗanda suka haɗa da keta haƙƙin hanya (misali, mota ta juyewa ta ketare hanyar babur), ana danganta su da gazawar direban ganin babur da wuri.

2.2. Hali na "Duba Amma Kasa Gani"

Wannan babban kuskure ne a fahimtar direba inda direba zai iya karkatar da kallonsa zuwa babur amma ya kasa sanar da kasancewarsa ko saurinsa da yanayinsa a hankali. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa ne saboda dalilai na fahimi kamar rashin kulawa, tsammani (ba sa tsammanin babur), ko cunkoson gani. DRLs suna nufin karya wannan shingen fahimta ta hanyar samar da tushen haske mai motsi mai kyau wanda zai fi ɗaukar hankali.

3. Fitilun Aiki na Rana (DRLs) a matsayin Magani

DRLs fitilu ne na gaban mota waɗanda ke haskakawa ta atomatik lokacin da motar ke aiki. Ga babura, wannan yawanci yana nufin samun fitilar gaba (ko DRL na musamman) a kowane lokaci.

3.1. Tsarin Aiki

Babban tsarin shine haɓaka ganuwar hankali. Tushen haske yana da sauƙin gani fiye da wani abu mai duhu a kan mafi yawan bayanan rana. Yana ƙara bambanci tsakanin babur da mahallinsa, yana rage damar ɓoyayyen babur, kuma yana ba da alamar gani da wuri ga sauran direbobi, musamman a cikin hangen nesa na gefe.

3.2. Nazarin Karatun Tasiri

Adabin da aka yi nazari, gami da bincike daga ƙasashe daban-daban tare da dokokin DRL na tilas ko bayanan lura, akai-akai yana nuna tasiri mai kyau. Binciken ya kwatanta adadin hadurori kafin da bayan aiwatar da DRL, ko tsakanin babura masu amfani da DRL da waɗanda ba sa amfani da su a cikin yanayi iri ɗaya. Yarjejeniyar ita ce amfani da DRL yana da alaƙa da raguwa da za a iya auna a wasu nau'ikan hadurorin motoci da yawa na rana.

4. Tasiri na Ƙididdiga & Rage Haɗari

Takardar ta tattara binciken don gabatar da kewayon tasiri. Aiwatar da DRLs na babur yana da alaƙa da rage haɗarin hadurin motoci da yawa na rana da kusan 4% zuwa 20%. Bambancin ya dogara da abubuwa kamar:

Hanyar bincike (lura vs. sarrafawa).
Yanayin zirga-zirga na gida da halayen direba.
Matsakaicin adadin amfani da DRL kafin tilas.
Takamaiman nau'in hadari (misali, mafi girman raguwa a cikin hadurorin sabanin hanya da mahadar hanya).

Takardar ta kammala da cewa DRLs wata hanya ce "mai tasiri da tasiri" don inganta amincin mahayi.

5. Bincike na Fasaha & Tsari

Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha & Ƙirar Lissafi: Ana iya fassara tasirin DRLs ta hanyar ƙirar yiwuwar gano sauƙi. Yiwuwar $P_d$ direba ya gano babur da wuri ana iya ƙirarsa azaman aikin ƙwarewar gani $S$, wanda tushen haske ke haɓaka.

$P_d(t) = 1 - e^{-\lambda \cdot S(t) \cdot t}$

Inda:

$P_d(t)$: Yiwuwar gano a cikin lokaci $t$.
$\lambda$: Matsakaicin haɗarin haɗari dangane da yawan zirga-zirga da hankalin direba.
$S(t)$: Ƙwarewar babur a lokacin $t$. $S_{DRL}(t) > S_{noDRL}(t)$, musamman a nesa mai nisa da a cikin al'amura masu sarƙaƙiya.
$t$: Lokacin da ake da shi don ganowa kafin wani yanki na yuwuwar karo.

Ta hanyar ƙara $S$, DRLs suna ƙara $P_d$ don wani $t$, yana faɗaɗa "ambulan aminci" a kusa da babur yadda ya kamata.

Misalin Tsarin Bincike (Ba Code ba): Yi la'akari da daidaitaccen tsarin kimanta amincin hanya kamar Matrix na Haddon da aka yi amfani da shi akan DRLs:

Lokaci Kafin Karon (Rigakafi): DRLs suna ƙara yuwuwar ganowa (Factor ɗin Mutum), suna aiki azaman maganin tushen mota mara aiki (Factor ɗin Mota).
Lokacin Karon (Matsananci): DRLs suna da ƙaramin tasiri kai tsaye akan tsananin rauni a kan tasiri.
Lokaci Bayan Karon (Amsa): DRLs ba su da alaƙa da amsa gaggawa.

Wannan yana sanya DRLs daidai a cikin rukunin rigakafin farko, yana niyya ga sarkar dalili kafin hadarin ya kusanto.

Sakamakon Gwaji & Bayanin Chati: Duk da yake takardar da aka yi nazari ba ta gabatar da ainihin chatin gwaji ba, ana iya ganin sakamako na yau da kullun daga irin waɗannan binciken azaman chat ɗin mashaya kwatanta adadin hadurori:

X-axis: Ƙungiyoyi biyu: "Babura tare da DRLs KUNNE" da "Babura tare da DRLs KASHE" (ko "Kafin Doka" da "Bayan Doka").
Y-axis: Yawan hadarin motoci da yawa na rana a kowace motoci 10,000 da aka yi rajista ko miliyan mil na mota da aka yi tafiya.
Sakamako: Mashaya na rukunin "DRLs KUNNE/Bayan Doka" ya fi guntu sosai (misali, 15-25% ƙasa) fiye da mashaya na "DRLs KASHE/Kafin Doka". Sandunan kuskure sau da yawa suna nuna sakamakon yana da mahimmanci a kididdiga.

6. Ra'ayi na Mai Bincike Mai Zurfi

Fahimta ta Asali

Wannan nazarin ya tabbatar da abin da al'ummar injiniyanci ta aminci suka daɗe suna zato: DRLs na babur wani magani ne na "'ya'yan itace masu sauƙin cirewa". Kewayon rage haɗari na 4-20% ba kididdiga kawai ba ne; laifi ne mai tsanani na yadda hangen nesa na ɗan adam bai dace da gano babura a yanayinsu na halitta ba. Ainihin fahimta a nan shine tsadar tasiri mai ban mamaki. Muna magana ne game da gyara wanda sau da yawa yana buƙatar canjin waya kawai ko na'urar lura mai sauƙi, duk da haka yana gyara kuskure mai mahimmanci a cikin hulɗar mutum-da-mota akan hanyoyi. Idan aka kwatanta da ayyukan kayayyakin more rayuwa na biliyoyin daloli ko hadaddun tsarin guje wa karo na AI, DRLs suna ba da kusan jin kunya mai girma akan jujjuyawar zuba jari.

Kwararar Hankali

Hankalin takardar yana da inganci amma yana bin hanya da aka saba: kafa haɗarin da bai dace ba → gano ganuwa a matsayin tushen dalili → ba da shawarar mafita ta tushen haske → nazari shaida na zahiri. Yana da tasiri amma ba shi da buri. Ya gano daidai kuskuren "duba amma kasa gani" a matsayin babban yanayin gazawa, wanda ya yi daidai da babban aiki a cikin ilimin halayyar zirga-zirga kamar na Hills (1980) akan ganuwar babur. Duk da haka, ya tsaya ba ya haɗa binciken daga kimiyyar hangen nesa na lissafi sosai. Misali, ta yaya DRLs ke hulɗa da ka'idar haɗin fasali na binciken gani? Mafi ƙarfi kwarara zai haɗa tazarar tsakanin bayanan hadarin zahiri da ainihin ilimin kimiyyar fahimi na hankali.

Ƙarfi & Aibobi

Ƙarfi: Babban ƙarfin takardar shine hangen nesa mai aiki, na duniya, yana cire bayanai daga Amurka, Burtaniya, Iran, da Malaysia. Wannan ba mafita ce don kawai nau'in hanya ɗaya ba. Shawarar amfani da duniya, musamman a ƙasashe masu yawan faruwa, tana da tushen bayanai kuma tana da gaggawa. Hakanan ya mayar da hankali daidai akan hadurorin motoci da yawa, waɗanda suke babban abin da aka yi niyya don haɓaka ganuwa.

Aibobi Masu Tsanani: Nazarin yana da ban takaici a kan iyakokin DRLs. Ya wuce gona da iri game da yuwuwar daidaitawar hali (misali, shin mahayan da DRLs suna ɗaukar ƙarin haɗari?). Hakanan ya kasa magance bakan tasirin DRL. Ƙwan fitila guda ɗaya ba iri ɗaya bane da tsararrun LED na zamani. Bincike daga cibiyoyi kamar Dakin Binciken Sufuri (TRL) a Burtaniya ya nuna cewa ƙarfi, zafin launi, da tsarin daidaitawar haske suna yin tasiri sosai akan nisa da lokacin ganowa. Bugu da ƙari, takardar ta yi watsi da ƙalubalen da ke tasowa na DRLs akan duk motoci da ke haifar da "teku na fitilu," yana rage ƙwarewar musamman na babura—wani damuwa da aka tayar a cikin binciken kwanan nan da aka buga a cikin mujallu kamar Bincike kan Hadari & Rigakafi.

Fahimta Mai Aiki

1. Tilasta, Kada Ka Ba da Shawara: Shaida ta isa. Masu tsara manufofi yakamata su wuce amfani da son rai kuma su aiwatar da dokokin DRL na babur na tilas, tare da bayyananniyar ma'auni na fasaha don mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin haske da tsarin haske.
2. Ƙirƙira Bayan "Kullum Kunne": Masana'antar dole ta ci gaba. Ƙarni na gaba ba haske mai tsayi kawai ba ne. Muna buƙatar tsarin ganuwa mai sanin mahalli. Ta amfani da na'urori masu sauƙi (ma'aunin gudu, GPS), babur zai iya ƙara ƙarfin haske ta atomatik ko fara daidaitawa mai sauƙi, mara jan hankali lokacin shiga wurare masu haɗari kamar mahadar hanya ko hanyoyin haɗuwa na babbar hanya, kama da yadda fitilun daidaitawa ke aiki a cikin motoci masu daraja.
3. Haɗa tare da Mota-zuwa-Kowane Abu (V2X): Nan gaba na ƙarshe shine haɗin kai. DRL na babur yakamata ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin aminci na haɗin gwiwa. A cikin yanayin V2X, babur zai iya watsa matsayinsa da siginar "babban ganuwa" zuwa motoci da ke kusa, yana haifar da faɗakarwa a cikin dashboard ɗin mota kafin direban ya duba. Wannan yana motsar da mafita daga gani kawai zuwa nau'i-nau'i da yawa, yana magance ainihin gazawar fahimi.

7. Hanyoyin Gaba & Aikace-aikace

Nan gaban ganuwar babur ya wuce DRL mai sauƙi:

Hasken Daidaitawa & Haɗin kai: Tsarin da ke daidaita ƙarfi, tsari, ko launi dangane da haɗarin ainihin lokaci (misali, kusanci mahadar hanya, raba layi) ko sadarwa tare da motocin da ke kewaye ta hanyar ƙa'idodin V2X.
Haɗawa tare da Tsare-tsaren Aminci Mai Aiki: DRLs a matsayin wani ɓangare na rukuni wanda ya haɗa da Birki na Gaggawa ta atomatik (AEB) don babura da ganin makaho don motoci musamman an daidaita su don gano babura.
Daidaituwa da Ƙa'ida: Haɓaka ma'auni na duniya don aikin DRL na babur (ƙarfi, faɗin haske, launi) don tabbatar da ingantaccen tasiri da guje wa haske mai tsanani.
Bincike kan Tufafin Mahayi & Launin Mota: Haɗa DRLs tare da kayan mahayi masu ganuwa mai girma da bambancin launukan babura don hanyar "ganuwa mai yawa", kamar yadda bincike daga ƙungiyoyi kamar Gidauniyar Amincin Babur (MSF) ya ba da shawara.
Magance Matsalar "Tekun Fitilu": Bincika takamaiman sa hannun haske na musamman na babura (misali, mitoci na musamman na daidaitawa, fitilu masu launi biyu) waɗanda suka kasance daban lokacin da duk motoci suka yi amfani da DRLs.

8. Nassoshi

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Hills, B. L. (1980). Vision, visibility, and perception in driving. Perception, 9(2), 183-216.
Transport Research Laboratory (TRL). (2014). The effectiveness of motorcycle daytime running lights. Published Project Report PPR673.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Gershon, P., Ben-Asher, N., & Shinar, D. (2012). Attention and search conspicuity of motorcycles as a function of their visual context. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44(1), 97-103.
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Treisman, A. M., & Gelade, G. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12(1), 97-136. (Don bayanan ka'idar binciken gani).